Rectal prolapse is a condition where part or all of the rectum (the last portion of the large intestine) slips down from its normal position and protrudes out through the anus. It may be partial (mucosa only) or complete (full thickness of rectal wall).

Types

1. Partial / Mucosal prolapse – only rectal mucosa protrudes, usually in children.

2. Complete / Full-thickness prolapse – entire rectal wall protrudes through anus.

3. Internal prolapse (intussusception) – rectum folds into itself but does not protrude outside.

Causes / Risk Factors

• Chronic constipation & straining
• Long-standing diarrhea
• Weakness of pelvic floor muscles
• Old age (especially women)
• Multiple childbirths
• Neurological disorders (spinal cord disease, nerve injury)
• Previous anorectal surgery Treatment

1. Conservative (in children / early cases)

• High-fiber diet + stool softeners
• Avoid prolonged straining
• Treat underlying constipation/diarrhea
• Manual reduction after prolapse
• Pelvic floor exercises