fissure In Ano Treatment

A fissure in ano (also called anal fissure) is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus, usually caused by trauma to the anal canal during the passage of hard stools. It is a common and very painful condition.

Causes

  • Passing hard or large stools (constipation)
  • Chronic diarrhea
  • Straining during bowel movements
  • Childbirth trauma
  • Anal infections or inflammatory bowel disease (rare)

    • Symptoms

    • Severe pain during and after defecation (often described as "passing broken glass")
    • Bright red bleeding on toilet paper or surface of stool
    • Spasm of anal sphincter (causes more pain and delays healing)
    • Visible crack/tear at anal margin (usually posterior midline)
    • Itching, burning, or discomfort

    Types

    1. Acute fissure – fresh tear, shallow, usually heals within 6 weeks.

    2. Chronic fissure – persists beyond 6 weeks, often has indurated edges, sentinel pile (skin tag), and hypertrophied anal papilla.

    Treatment

    1. Conservative / Medical
    • High-fiber diet + plenty of fluids
    • Stool softeners or mild laxatives
    • Warm sitz baths
    When to See a Doctor
    • Severe anal pain or bleeding not improving in 1–2 weeks
    • Recurrent fissures or chronic fissures
    • Suspicion of other diseases (Crohn’s disease, cancer, infections)